Estudo comparativo entre a reciclagem de navios no sul da ásia, frente a disponibilidade de instalações regulamentadas pela norma europeia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/engevista.v22i1.65847Palavras-chave:
descomissionamento, reciclagem, offshoreResumo
A indústria brasileira de petróleo e gás está em transformação, com novas unidades de produção e descomissionamento de plataformas antigas. Este estudo compara a reciclagem de navios no sul da Ásia com a possibilidade de atendimento em instalações regulamentadas pela norma europeia, considerando fatores econômicos, ambientais, técnicos e de segurança. Em 2022, 443 embarcações foram desmontadas globalmente, com 292 ocorrendo no sul da Ásia. A pesquisa destaca a capacidade limitada das instalações europeias para reciclagem de grandes navios e sugere a necessidade de desenvolver novos mercados de reciclagem, como no Brasil, para atender à crescente demanda de descomissionamento de unidades offshore.
Downloads
Referências
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO, GÁS NATURAL E BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS –ANP. Painel Dinâmico de Descomissionamento de Instalações de Exploração e Produção. 2023. Disponível em: <https://www.gov.br/anp/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/paineis-dinamicos-da-anp/paineis-dinamicos-sobre-exploracao-e-producao-de-petroleo-e-gas/painel-dinamico-de-descomissionamento-de-instalacoes-de-exploracao-e-producao>. Acesso em: 19 maio 2023.
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE TRANSPORTES AQUAVIÁRIOS – ANTAQ. Embarcações de engenharia empregadas nas atividades offshore de exploração de petróleo e gás. 2022. Brasília: ANTAQ, 2021. p. 105
BENJAMIN, Caio; FIGUEIREDO, Nelio. The ship recycling market in Brazil-The Amazon potential. Journal of Environmental Management, Belém, v. 253, p. 109540, jan. 2020.
BRAGA, Luciana; PINTO JÚNIOR, Helder. The financial aspects of offshore decommissioning and Brazilian regulatory system in the light of the transnational legal order. The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, Oxford, v. 15, n. 6, p. 423-448, set. 2022.
BULL, Ann Scarborough; LOVE, Milton S. Worldwide oil and gas platform decommissioning: A review of practices and reefing options. Ocean & Coastal Management, Santa Barbara, v. 168, p. 274-306, fev. 2019
CHANG, Yen-Chiang; WANG, Nannan; DURAK, Onur Sabri. Ship recycling and marine pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Jinan, v. 60, n. 9, p. 1390-1396, sep. 2010.
DESHPANDE, P. C.; TILWANKAR, A. K.; ASOLEKAR, S. R. A novel approach to estimating potential maximum heavy metal exposure to ship recycling yard workers in Alang, India. Science of The Total Environment, Mumbai v. 438, p. 304–311, sep. 2012.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/2323 of 19 December 2016 establishing the European List of ship recycling facilities pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on ship recycling. Official Journal of the European Union, 2023. Disponível em: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/1257/o. Acesso em: 23 maio 2024.
FOWLER, Ashley M. et al. A multi-criteria decision approach to decommissioning of offshore oil and gas infrastructure. Ocean & Coastal Management, Broadway, v. 87, p. 20-29, jan. 2014.
GUNBEYAZ, Sefer Anil; KURT, Rafet Emek; TURAN, Osman. Investigation of different cutting technologies in a ship recycling yard with a simulation approach. Ships and Offshore Structures, Glasgow v. 17, n. 3, p. 564-576, jul. 2022.
GUNBEYAZ, S. A. et al. Workers’ exposure to dust and potentially toxic elements during steel cutting in two ship dismantling cases. Ocean Engineering, Glasgow v. 270, p. 113628, jan. 2023.
HIREMATH, Anand M.; TILWANKAR, Atit K.; ASOLEKAR, Shyam R. Significant steps in ship recycling vis-a-vis wastes generated in a cluster of yards in Alang: a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, Cairo, v. 87, n. 1, p. 520-532, jan. 2015.
HIREMATH, Anand M.; PANDEY, Sachin Kumar; ASOLEKAR, Shyam R. Development of ship-specific recycling plan to improve health safety and environment in ship recycling yards. Journal of Cleaner Production, Mumbai, v. 116, p. 279-298, mar. 2016.
HSUAN, Juliana; PARISI, Cristiana. Mapping the supply chain of ship recycling. Marine Policy, Frederiksberg, v. 118, p. 103979, ago. 2020.
IMO, RESOLUTION MEPC.178(59), adopted on 17 July 2009. 2009. Disponível em: <https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/178(59).pdf>. Acesso em: 03 mai 2023.
IMO, RESOLUTION MEPC.379(80), adopted on 07 July 2023. 2023. Disponível em: https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/KnowledgeCentre/IndexofIMOResolutions/MEPCDocuments/MEPC.379(80).pdf. Acesso em: 03 set 2023
KRAUSE, Karsten. End-of-Life Ships -Linking European Maritime Safety to Occupational Safety on Asian Scrap Yards. ETSC yearbook. Safety and sustainability. Brussels: European Transport Safety Council. 2005.
LIN, Lin et al. Hazardous waste from the global shipbreaking industry: Historical inventory and future pathways. Global Environmental Change, Weihai, v. 76, p. 102581, set. 2022.
MARTINS, Isabelle D. et al. A review of the multicriteria decision analysis applied to oil and gas decommissioning problems. Ocean and Coastal Management, Rio de Janeiro, v. 184, n. 2020, p. 1-20, feb. 2019.
NGO SHIPBREAKING PLATFORM. Impact report 2018/2019. 2020. Disponível em: <https://shipbreakingplatform.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/NGOSBP-Bi-Annual-Report-18-19.pdf>. Acesso em 1 jul. 2023.
NGO SHIPBREAKING PLATFORM. Anual Impact Report 2017. 2022a. Disponível em: <https://shipbreakingplatform.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Annual-Report-2017-Final-Spreads_compressed.pdf>. Acesso em 1 jul. 2023.
NGO SHIPBREAKING PLATFORM. Bianual Impact report 2020/2021. 2022b. Disponível em: <https://shipbreakingplatform.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NGO-SBP-Annual-Report-2020_2021.pdf>. Acesso em 1 jul. 2023.
NGO SHIPBREAKING PLATFORM. Annual list of ships scraped worldwide – 2022. 2023. Disponível em: <https://shipbreakingplatform.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2022-List-of-all-ships-dismantled-all-over-the-world.xlsx>. Acesso em 1 jul. 2023.
OCAMPO, Euler Sánchez; PEREIRA, Newton Narciso. Can ship recycling be a sustainable activity practiced in Brazil? Journal of Cleaner Production, Volta Redonda, v. 224, p. 981-993, jul. 2019.
OSMUNDSEN, Petter; TVETERAS, Ragnar. Decommissioning of petroleum installations - major policy issues. Energy Policy, Oxford, v. 31, n. 15, p. 1579-1588, dez. 2003.
PERONI, Michele; MULAS, V.; BETTI, Emanuele; PATATA, Leonardo; AMBROSINI, Paolo. Decommissioning and remediation of NORM/TENORM contaminated sites in oil and gas. Chemical Engineering Transactions, Milano, v. 28, p. 181-186, jul. 2012.
SUDAIA, David Pascoal et al. Sustainable recycling of mooring ropes from decommissioned offshore platforms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Oxford, v. 135, p. 357-360, out. 2018.
VON HELLFELD et al. An approach to assess potential environmental mercury release, food web bioaccumulation, and human dietary methylmercury uptake from decommissioning offshore oil and gas infrastructure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Aberdeen, v. 452, p. 131298, jun. 2023.
ZHOU, Q. et al. Factors influencing green ship recycling: A conceptual framework and modeling. Journal of Cleaner Production, Tianjin, v. 322, p. 129155, sep. 2021.
