The role of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in periodontal regeneration -A Literature Review

Abstract

Periodontal pathologies are described as the most common oral diseases in the world population. Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth (the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament), which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. The control of injuries is achieved through basics therapies, which result in the later repair of oral tissues, but not in their regeneration. This fact, led to interest in the emergence of periodontal regenerative therapy, whose purpose is to restore the physiology of teeth through the reconstruction of support and protection tissues. In this context, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells appear which have a tissue proliferation and differentiation function. However, the challenges of regenerative dentistry reside in the ability to induce the regeneration of a complex device, consisting of different tissues. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the potential of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the regeneration of periodontal tissues, through a literature review. Considering that periodontal regeneration is a promising challenge for dentists, it is necessary perform more longitudinal studies for the comprehension and clinical applicability of the regenerative treatment.

Keywords: Regeneration; Periodontal; Stem cells.