Comparativo da análise de desempenho energético em usinas fotovoltaicas de solo com estrutura tracker e fixa

Abstract

he integration of renewable sources into Brazil's electrical grid, particularly photovoltaic solar energy, has been fundamental in meeting the nation's growing energy demand. Despite being driven by the environmental and economic benefits of solar energy, this transition still faces challenges in consolidating itself as a reliable alternative due to uncertainties and stochastic variables observed in solar resource behavior, directly influenced by meteorological factors. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of technologies in the sector makes it difficult to precisely assess system performance and associated losses. This article proposes solutions to these challenges by analyzing and comparing the energy performance of two plants within the same photovoltaic complex in the interior of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These plants have distinct topologies for capturing solar irradiation: one with a fixed structure and monofacial modules, and another with a tracker structure and bifacial modules. Using project data and monthly generation data during the complex's first semester of operation, simulations were conducted using the PVSyst software and compared with field-gathered real data. The results indicated a discreet increase in energy generation, approximately 2% higher when employing the tracker system compared to the fixed structure system. However, considerable gains were observed in photovoltaic conversion efficiency and installation sizing when applying this type of solar tracking technology. This contributes to understanding the performance and efficiency of different technologies in photovoltaic plants, enabling the optimization of future solar energy projects and operations.