Oral microorganisms as key contributors to local and systemic diseases

Abstract

The oral microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining health, sustaining a symbiotic relationship with the host organism. Alterations in its composition can lead to dysbiosis, thereby contributing to the onset of both oral and systemic diseases. This study aimed to examine, through a comprehensive literature review, the significance of oral microorganisms within the broader context of the health–disease continuum. The literature search was conducted using the SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Google Scholar databases, encompassing publications from 2014 to 2024. Findings indicate that imbalances in the oral microbiota are associated with factors such as oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, pharmacological interventions, and the host's immune status, positioning oral microorganisms as potential agents in the development of both localized and systemic infections. In conclusion, there remains a pressing need for further in-depth investigations into the underlying mechanisms of these interactions, as well as the advancement of effective strategies for microbial control and disease prevention, in order to foster comprehensive health outcomes.

Keywords: Microbiota. Oral health. Mouth diseases.