Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in pediatric dentistry patients: Literature Review

Abstract

The aim of this literature review was to compile and discuss Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in pediatric dental patients, as well as its clinical characteristics, possible causes, and prevalence, considering the different treatments proposed for this developmental defect of dental enamel, in order to minimize the impact of this condition in pediatric patients. A bibliographic research was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, with no publication year or language restrictions. Results: After selecting the studies, 16 scientific articles were included in this review. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization is a developmental enamel defect related to the quality of this dental tissue. Its etiology remains undefined; however, it is associated with a combination of genetic, epigenetic, local, systemic, and environmental factors. Once diagnosed, the professional should inform the patient and their family about the clinical implications of this alteration, particularly regarding hypersensitivity, enamel fractures, and caries. The prevalence of this condition shows considerable variation across available studies in the literature. Treatment options directly depend on the severity of the opacities and the specific tooth affected. In conclusion, Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization is a developmental enamel defect that can affect pediatric dental patients to varying degrees of severity, leading to an increased risk of caries lesions, hypersensitivity, and post-eruptive fractures. Due to its still undefined etiology and uncertainties regarding the appropriate management of these alterations, its treatment is challenging and should take into account the individual characteristics of the patients.

Keywords: Molar Hypomineralization, Dental Enamel Hypomineralization, Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Enamel