Gingival recession in canines orthodontically aligned: a narrative review

Resumo

Background: The orthodontic traction of impacted canines represents a great challenge for Orthodontics. Surgical exposure of the impacted canine and the complex orthodontic mechanics applied to align the tooth back to the arch can lead to complications involving supporting tissues inducing gingival recession when the teeth are moved out of the alveolar bone. Aim: The aim of this study is to present an updated bibliographic review of the main periodontal results found in the literature after the clinical management of impacted canines and the prevalence of gingival recession. Materials and methods: Research in electronic databases PubMed, PMC, and MedLine until June 2020 and reference lists of relevant publications were used to identify studies that assessed the periodontal status of impacted and orthodontically tractioned canines. Controlled and randomized clinical trials, literature reviews, systematic reviews, studies in humans, meta- analyzes and text that had at least one occurrence relating to gingival recession, periodontal outcomes and impacted canines tractioned orthodontically, whether by buccal or palatal, superior and / or lower as the eligibility criteria. Results: 691 articles were found in a free search. After applying the eligibility criteria, 7 relevant articles were subtracted, and these results were more frequent for upper canines. Conclusion: Currently, there is no clear evidence to determine which surgical technique procedure is better to discover canines in terms of periodontal outcomes. The results found stated that clinically the evidence were insignificant when compared to teeth normally erupted.

Keywords: “Gingival Recession”; “Orthodontic Traction”; “Impacted Canine”.