Correlation Between Prenatal Dental Care in Pregnant Women and the Oral Health of Their Children

Abstract

During pregnancy, the mother’s oral health has a direct impact on the general and oral health of the baby, highlighting the importance of prenatal dental care (PNC). This care aims to guide pregnant women on maintaining oral health, prevent oral diseases, and reduce health risks for the newborn. Studies indicate the presence of oral bacteria in the placenta and amniotic fluid, as well as similarities in the oral microbiome between mothers and children, suggesting possible vertical transmission. This integrative review analyzed the relationship between PNC and children's oral health based on a search in the BVS and PubMed databases, using the descriptors "Prenatal Care," "Pregnancy," "Oral Health," and "Child," with no restrictions on language or date. A total of 934 articles were identified, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria, excluding literature reviews and articles that were unavailable or irrelevant. The results show that mothers who underwent PNC had children with a lower incidence of cavities and reduced colonization by Streptococcus mutans. Additionally, mothers who reduced this bacterial population had children with healthier teeth. Pregnant women actively participated in consultations without reluctance toward treatments. It is concluded that prenatal dental care and oral health education are essential for promoting oral and general health in childhood.

Keywords: Prenatal dental care; Gestation; Children; Early childhood caries.