ANALYSIS OF VARIABILITY AND MONTHLY, SEASONAL AND ANNUAL TRENDS IN AIR TEMPERATURE IN BRAZIL

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22409/GEOgraphia2026.v28i61.a59822

Palavras-chave:

Air Temperature, Climate Change, Brazil, Mann–Kendall Test, Trends

Resumo

Temperature plays an important role in detecting climate change brought on by urbanization and industrialization. This study focuses on the variability and trends of the maximum annual, seasonal and monthly mean surface air temperature in Brazil during the period 1960-2020, three statistical tests, the Pettitt test, the Mann-Kendall sequential test (SQ-MK test) and the Mann-Kendall classification test (MK test) were used for the analysis. The results of the analysis of the entire period reveal a statistically significant upward trend in virtually every month and season of the year. A trend was also observed towards warmer years, with summer and spring significantly warmer and autumn and winter slightly warmer. Positive trends in average annual temperature were found throughout the period. For the entire region, average maximum temperatures tended to increase by approximately 0.012 ∘ C per year.

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Biografia do Autor

  • Elias Silva de Medeiros, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) Dourados, MS, Brasil

    Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil. 

  • Alvaro J. Back, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC) Criciúma, SC, Brasil

    2Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences – University of Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil. 

  • José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Maceió, AL, Brasil

    Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT), Maceió, Brazil. 

  • Raquel Casaes Nunes, UFRA

    Professor da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Belém- Pará, Brasil

  • Amaury de Souza, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande, MS, Brasil

    Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, C.P. 549, 79070- 900. Campo Grande, MS – Brazil

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Publicado

2026-09-22

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v. 28 n. 61 (2026): jul./dez.

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Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade. Declaro, ainda, que uma vez publicado na revista GEOgraphia, editada pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, o mesmo jamais será submetido por mim ou por qualquer um dos demais co-autores a qualquer outro periódico. E declaro estar ciente de que a não observância deste compromisso submeterá o infrator a sanções e penas previstas na Lei de Proteção de Direitos Autorias (Nº9609, de 19/02/98).

O autor concede e transfere, total e gratuitamente, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal Fluminense em caráter permanente, irrevogável e não exclusivo, todos os direitos autorais patrimoniais não comerciais referentes aos artigos científicos publicados na revista GEOgraphia. Os textos assinados são de responsabilidade dos autores, não representando, necessariamente, a opinião dos editores e dos membros do Conselho Editorial da revista.

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ANALYSIS OF VARIABILITY AND MONTHLY, SEASONAL AND ANNUAL TRENDS IN AIR TEMPERATURE IN BRAZIL. GEOgraphia, Niterói, v. 28, n. 61, 2026. DOI: 10.22409/GEOgraphia2026.v28i61.a59822. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uff.br/geographia/article/view/59822. Acesso em: 2 out. 2026.