DA INFORMALIDADE AO CIRCUITO INFERIOR: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A ECONOMIA URBANA EM GANA NO SÉCULO XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/GEOgraphia2021.v23i50.a38272Keywords:
Sul Global, Gana, economia urbana, informalidade, circuito inferiorAbstract
Desenvolvidos nos anos 1970, os conceitos de informalidade e circuito inferior – criados, respectivamente, pelo antropólogo britânico Keith Hart e pelo geógrafo brasileiro Milton Santos – integravam teorias que tinham por objetivo interpretar a economia urbana no Sul Global, entendido na época como Terceiro Mundo. Partindo das contribuições desses autores, este artigo busca analisar a organização da economia urbana contemporânea de Gana, país localizado na África Ocidental. Os dados quantitativos e qualitativos utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos por meio de fontes secundárias (livros, artigos e relatórios setoriais) e primárias (entrevistas semiestruturadas, descrição densa e registros da paisagem conduzidos entre 2013 e 2016), as quais permitiram não apenas reiterar o vigor interpretativo das proposições de Hart e Santos como também revelar o dinamismo contemporâneo da economia urbana do país em questão, composto por atividades que operam em múltiplas escalas geográficas, segundo diferentes níveis de organização e capitalização.
Palavras-chave: economia urbana; informalidade; circuito inferior; urbanização africana; Sul Global
FROM INFORMALITY TO THE LOWER CIRCUIT: A STUDY ON GHANA’S URBAN ECONOMY IN THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY
AbstRact: Developed in the 1970s, the concepts of informality and lower circuit – created respectively by the British anthropologist Keith Hart and by the Brazilian geographer Milton Santos – integrated theories aimed at interpreting the urban economy of countries that belonged to the so-called Third World. Based on the contributions of these authors, this article seeks to analyze the organization of the contemporary urban economy of Ghana, a country located in West Africa. The quantitative and qualitative data used in this study were obtained from secondary sources (books, articles and sectoral reports) and primary ones (semi-structured interviews, dense description and landscape records), which allowed not only to reiterate the vigor of Hart (1973) and Santos' (1975) propositions as well as revealing the contemporary dynamics of the urban economy of the studied country, composed of activities that operate on multiple geographical scales, according to different levels of organization and invested capital.
Keywords: urban economy; informality; lower circuit; African urbanization; Global South
DE L’INFORMALITE AU CIRCUIT INFERIEUR: UNE ETUDE SUR L’ECONOMIE URBAINE DU GHANA AU DEBUT DU 21E SIECLE
Résumé: Développés dans les années 1970, les concepts d'informalité et de circuit inférieur - créés respectivement par l'anthropologue britannique Keith Hart et par le géographe brésilien Milton Santos - ont intégré des théories visant à interpréter l'économie urbaine dans des pays appartenant à la soi-disant Troisième Monde. À partir des contributions de ces auteurs, cet article cherche à analyser l'organisation de l'économie urbaine contemporaine du Ghana, un pays situé en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les informations quantitatives et qualitatives utilisées dans cette étude ont été obtenues à partir de sources secondaires (livres, articles et rapports sectoriels) et primaires (entretiens semi-structurés, description dense et fiches paysagères), qui ont permis non seulement de réitérer la vigueur de Hart (1973 ) et Santos (1975) ainsi que de révéler la dynamique contemporaine de l'économie urbaine du pays étudié, composée d'activités qui opèrent à multiples échelles géographiques, selon différents niveaux d'organisation et de capital investi.
Mots clés: économie urbaine; informalité; circuit inférieur; L'urbanisation africaine; Sud global
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