A noção de "negociação" em análise de conversação: o exemplo das negociações de identidade

Abstract

Who am I and Who are you ? - The concept of "identity negotiation" in conversational analysis. The analysis of conversations and other kinds of verbal interactions (Verbal Interaction Analysis) can be described as the form of discourse analysis that is exclusively concerned with dialogical speech, considered as a collective construction. ln order to succeed in constructing the collective text, the participants have to reach a certain number of agreements concerning all the rules that govern the conversational game. If these agreements are not reached spontaneously, they'lI become the object of explicit or implicit negotiations during the interaction. Thus, the concept of negotiation is of prime importance in our perspective, since all the aspects of an interaction may lead to a negotiation. To begin, I am going to illustrate this idea with a small sample of a dialogue. I will then focus on a particular type of conversational negotiations: how do the participants in a conversation negotiate their identities? I will present the general pattern that forms the basis of these negotiations. This pattern will be illustrated with examples of fictional dialogues on the one hand (theatre dialogues) and authentic dialogues on the other hand (electoral debates).