A face "Janus" dos canabinoides sintéticos
de ferramenta farmacológica para avanços em pesquisas e terapêuticas ao crescente problema de saúde e segurança pública
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/k3efdt68Palavras-chave:
Drogas, Sistema endocanabinoide, Canabinoides sintéticosResumo
Os canabinoides sintéticos (CS) surgiram originalmente como ferramentas farmacológicas para o estudo dos efeitos da Cannabis e do Sistema Endocanabinoide, mas foram incorporados pelo mercado ilícito para uso recreativo e transformados em potentes drogas de abuso. Comercializados em diversas apresentações e sob nomenclaturas populares variadas, essas substâncias possuem elevada potência e toxicidade, podendo provocar efeitos adversos graves e multissistêmicos, e desafiando as instituições de saúde e segurança. O presente artigo aborda essa dualidade dos CS, revisando sua evolução histórica, características químicas, formas de consumo e impactos fisiológicos e toxicológicos, com foco no Sistema Nervoso, além do panorama regulatório e epidemiológico no Brasil. Embora permaneçam relevantes como ferramentas de pesquisa científica e por seu potencial terapêutico, os CS representam uma importante ameaça à saúde pública quando utilizados como drogas recreativas. Nesse cenário, a integração entre setores científicos, regulatórios, de segurança, de saúde e de educação pública torna-se fundamental para acompanhar a rápida transformação dessas substâncias e reduzir seus impactos sobre a sociedade.
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