Cannabis e adolescência
o que muda quando outras drogas entram em cena?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/395gwh34Keywords:
Adolescente, Cannabis, Uso Recreativo de Drogas, Comportamento, NeurodesenvolvimentoAbstract
A adolescência é um período de intensa reorganização cerebral e comportamental, no qual ocorre frequentemente o primeiro contato com substâncias psicoativas. Entre elas, a cannabis merece atenção particular, tanto pelos possíveis efeitos sobre o cérebro em desenvolvimento quanto por seu uso frequentemente associado a álcool, nicotina e outras drogas. O poliuso pode envolver exposições em momentos distintos ou simultâneos e apresenta grande heterogeneidade quanto às combinações de substâncias, padrões de consumo e sequência de iniciação. Esta revisão discute o uso de cannabis na adolescência no contexto do poliuso de substâncias, abordando aspectos epidemiológicos, fundamentos neurobiológicos, possíveis consequências neurocomportamentais e limitações metodológicas da literatura disponível. As evidências indicam que os efeitos associados ao uso de cannabis na adolescência dependem de fatores como idade de início, intensidade e padrão de exposição, composição dos produtos, sexo biológico e uso concomitante de outras substâncias. Embora estudos experimentais e em humanos indiquem possíveis alterações cognitivas, emocionais e em circuitos relacionados à recompensa, ainda é difícil distinguir efeitos específicos da cannabis daqueles associados ao poliuso e a vulnerabilidades preexistentes. Estudos longitudinais e modelos experimentais que reproduzam padrões contemporâneos de consumo são necessários para esclarecer relações causais e orientar estratégias de prevenção e intervenção mais adequadas às diferentes trajetórias de uso.
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