O retrato do Brasil no jornal The New York Times
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/ppgmc.v5i5.9732Resumo
A forma como um país é retratado pelos meios de comunicação pode afetar a imagem do mesmo internacionalmente. Estereótipos podem ser formados e reforçados dependendo de como informações sobre o país são enquadradas pela mídia. Uma análise de conteúdo revelou que, em 2013, ao retratar o Brasil, o The New York Times cobriu temas como futebol e Copa do Mundo, política e governo, instabilidade social, crime e violência, economia e cultura. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o Brasil foi retratado como o país do futebol, apaixonado por seus jogadores, mas violento e com grandes contrastes sociais. Ao cobrir apenas um número limitado de temas, ignorando outros, o The New York Times reforça antigos estereótipos e restringe as possibilidades do Brasil se apresentar ao mundo de forma diferente.Downloads
Referências
ALMEIDA, C., NUNES, A., & BATISTA, L. Corporate Reputation and the News Media in Brazil. In CARROLL, C. Corporate Reputation and the News Media, p.260-278. New York, NY: Routledge, 2011
ANHOLT, S. Competitive Identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006
ANHOLT, S. Places: Identity, Image and Reputation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009
BARDHAN, N. Constructing the Meaning of Globalization: A Framing Analysis of the PR Strategist. Journal of Public Relations Research, volume 25(5), p. 391-410, 2013
BURKE, J., MARTIN, G., & COOPER, L. Corporate Reputation: Managing Opportunities and Threats. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2011
CARROLL, C. How the Mass Media Influence Perceptions of Corporate Reputation. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest Information and Learning Company, 2004
CISSEL, M. Media Framing: a comparative content analysis on mainstream and alternative news coverage of Occupy Wall Street. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, volume 3(1), p. 67-77, 2012
COOMBS, W. Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, volume 10(3), p. 163-176, 2007
DINNIE, K. Nation Branding. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2010
EADIE, F. 21st century communication: a reference handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2009
EDMONDS, R., GUSKIN, E., MITCHELL, A. & JURKOWITZ, M. Newspapers by the number. The State of the Media. Disponível em: http://stateofthemedia.org/2013/newspapers-stabilizing-but-still-threatened/newspapers-by-the-numbers/ Acesso em: 20/05/2013
ENTMAN, R. Framing Media Power. In D’ANGELO, P., & KUYPERS, J. Doing news framing analysis: empirical and theoretical perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010
FOMBRUN, C. J. Reputations: Measurable, Valuable, and Manageable. American Banker, p. 166, 14A, 2001
FREEMAN, B., & NGUYEN, T. Seeing Singapore: Portrayal of the city-state in global print media. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, volume 8(2), p. 158-169, 2012
FULLERTON, J., & HOLTZHAUSEN, D. Americans’ attitudes toward South Africa: A study of country reputation and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, volume 8(4), p. 269-283, 2012
GHANEM, S. I., MCCOMBS, M., & CHERNOV, G. Agenda Setting and Framing. In EADIE, W. F. 21st century communication: a reference handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2009
GILPIN, D. Organizational image construction in a fragmented online media environment. Journal of Public Relations Research, volume 22(3), p. 265-287, 2010
HALLAHAN, K. Seven Models of Framing: Implications for Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, volume 3, p. 205-242, 1999
HALLAHAN, K. Framing Theory. In ROBERT L. H. Encyclopedia of Public Relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2005
HUGHES, R. England Takes a Page From Brazil’s Playbook. The New York Times, 08/02/2013
HUGHES, R. A good start, but in Brazil it’s all about the finish. The New York Times, 17/06/2013
KOTLER, P., & GERTNER, D. Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Brand Management, volume 9(24), p. 249-61, 2002
KUGEL, S. Brazil’s Plan Isn’t What Doctors Would Order. The New York Times, p. A.4, 15/07/2013
KUNCZIK, M. Transnational public relations by foreign governments. In SRIRAMESH, K & VERCIC, D. The global public relations handbook: theory,research, and practice. Mawhwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 399-424, 2003
LIPPMANN, W. Public opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1922
MAYRING, P. Qualitative Content Analysis. In FLICK, U., KARDORFF, E., & STEINKE, I. A Companion to Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004
MCGARTY, C., YZERBYT, V. Y., & SPEARS, R. Stereotypes as Explanations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002
NIESING, E. Latin America’s Potential in Nation Branding: A closer look at Brazil’s, Chile’s and Colombia’s practices. Hamburg, Germany: Anchor Academic Publishing, 2013
NISBET, C. Knowledge Into Action: Framing the Debates Over Climate Change and Poverty. In D’ANGELO, P., & KUYPERS, J. Doing news framing analysis: empirical and theoretical perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010
O’SHAUGHNESSY, J., & JACKSON, N. Treating the nation as a brand: Some neglected issues. Journal of Macromarketing, volume 20(1), p. 56–64, 2000
PARELES, J. Loyal to Brazil, While Sampling Pop Beyond Its Borders. The New York Times, p. C5, 13/07/2013
PASSOW, T., FEHLMANN, R., & GRAHLOW, H. Country Reputation - From Measurement to Management: The Case of Liechtenstein. Corporate Reputation Review, volume 7(4), p. 309, 2005
POOLE, R. Nation and Identity. Florence: Taylor & Francis Group, 1999
REESE, S. D. Finding Frames in a Web of Culture: The Case of the War on Terror. In D’ANGELO, P., & KUYPERS, J. Doing news framing analysis: empirical and theoretical perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010
ROBINSON, J. D. Media Portrayals and Representations. In EADIE, W. F. 21st century communication: a reference handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2009
ROMERO, S. Public Rapes Outrage Brazil, Testing Ideas of Image and Class. The New York Times, p. A1, 25/05/2013
ROMERO, S. Deadly Accident at Stadium Raises Worry on Brazil’s World Cup Aims. The New York Times, p. A18, 28/11/2013
RYAN, C., CARRAGEE, K. M., & MEINHOFER, M. Theory into practice: Framing, the news media, and collective action. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, volume 45(1), p. 175–182, 2001
SHAMMA, H. Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Corporate Reputation: Concept, Measurement and Implications. International Journal of Business and Management, volume 7(16), p. 151-169, 2012
SMITH, S. Developing new reflexes in framing stories. Artigo apresentado no Pew Center/RTNDF workshop “Civic Journalism: Doing it Daily,” Chicago, 1997. Disponível em: http://www.pewcenter.org/doingcj/civiccat/displayCivcat.php?id=97 Acesso em: 16/02/2014
SRIRAMESH, K., & VERCIC, D. The global public relations handbook: theory, research, and practice. Mawhwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 399-424, 2003
STACKS, D. W. Primer of Public Relations Research. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 2011
YANG, S., SHIN, H., LEE, J., & WRIGLEY, B. Country Reputation in Multidimensions: Predictors, Effects, and Communication Channel. Journal of Public Relations Research, volume 20(4), p. 421–440, 2008
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Aviso de Direito Autoral Creative Commons
1. Política para Periódicos de Acesso Livre
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
