TRANSNATIONAL CAPITAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCEMODELS FRAGMENT AMAZONIAN PROTECTED AREAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/GEOgraphia2026.v28i61.a59679Keywords:
Finanças climáticas globais, Sistemas socioecológicos, Reservas extrativistas, Economia política da conservação, Cadeias produtivas agroextrativistasAbstract
A arquitetura das finanças ambientais globais opera sob uma premissa fundamental: a de que injeções massivas de capital podem isolar permanentemente os biomas tropicais da degradação econômica. A maioria dos paradigmas de governança internacional concentra-se fortemente na expansão dessa matriz espacial de perímetros protegidos ao longo da bacia amazônica. No entanto, o desacoplamento sistêmico entre o financiamento da macroconservação e as realidades em nível micro das sociedades tradicionais expõe um paradoxo crítico. Embora programas transnacionais como o PPG-7 e o ARPA tenham consolidado com sucesso milhões de hectares no papel, eles priorizaram um monitoramento tecnocêntrico e vertical (top-down), enquanto congelaram os orçamentos operacionais e o aporte tecnológico das reservas habitadas por populações humanas. Nesta investigação, revelamos o legado de 36 anos desses mecanismos nas quatro primeiras Reservas Extrativistas da Amazônia, estabelecidas em 1990. Demonstramos como esse vácuo financeiro impulsiona, na prática, a conversão localizada de floresta em pastagem, ao aprisionar as comunidades da linha de frente na pobreza estrutural. As evidências destacam que a densidade de capital macrocêntrica é funcionalmente inviável sem a equidade da microgovernança descentralizada, estabelecendo uma linha de base conceitual urgente para reformar o financiamento climático internacional.
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