Artificial Intelligence and Transparency in Journalism

Authors

  • João Canavilhas Universidade da Beira Interior
  • Bárbara Biolchi Universidade da Beira Interior

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22409/rmc.v18i2.62654

Keywords:

Journalism, Artificial Intelligence, Transparency, Credibility

Abstract

The crisis that has affected journalism since the beginning of the century has led to the dismissal of thousands of journalists worldwide. To address the lack of human resources, many newspapers have turned to artificial intelligence (AI), but the introduction of non-human and poorly scrutinized systems has raised new questions related to the transparency of the journalistic process, affecting the already fragile credibility of the media. In the absence of legislation related to the use of AI in journalism, the media have been publishing recommendations to guide professionals. In this work, we analyze two pioneering documents, one from Estadão (Brazil) and another from the BBC (UK), which show how these media seek to gain consumer trust by explaining how they use artificial intelligence in newsrooms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

João Canavilhas, Universidade da Beira Interior

PhD in Communication, Culture and Education – Prof. Associate at the University of Beira Interior (Portugal).

Bárbara Biolchi, Universidade da Beira Interior

Graduated in Journalism - Master's student in Journalism at the University of Beira Interior (Portugal).

References

ALI, W; HASSOUN, M. Artificial intelligence and automated journalism: contemporary challenges and new opportunities. International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications, v. 5, n. 1, p. 40-49, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9479.0501004

BATISTA, L. Estadão faz 148 anos. Veja a primeira edição e conheça a história do jornal. O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 04 jan. 2023. Acervo. Disponível em: < https://www.estadao.com.br/acervo/estadao-faz-148-anos-veja-a-primeira-edicao-e-conheca-a-historia-do-jornal/>. Acesso em: 12 abr. 2024. abr. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12033

BAUHR, M; GRIMES, M. Indignation or Resignation: The Implications of Transparency for Societal Accountability. Governance. v. 27, n. 2, p. 291-320, BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1995.

BBC. Guidance: the use of artificial Intelligence. Reino Unido. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/use-of-artificial-intelligence. Acesso em: 08 mar. 2024.

BBC. History of the BBC. Reino Unido. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc. Acesso em: 12 abr. 2024

BBC NEWS BRASIL. BBC Brasil nasceu em 1938 com notícia sobre Hitler. 20 jan. 2009. Disponível em: < https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/institutional/090120_expediente_tc2>. Acesso em: 12 abr. 2024.

BECKER, D. O que é transparência no jornalismo?. In: CHRISTOFOLETTI et. al. (Eds.). Transparência no jornalismo: o que é e como se faz? Florianópolis: UFSC, 2022. cap. 1, p. 7-13. E-book.

BECKER , D. B; CHRISTOFOLETTI , R. The Trust Project e a transparência percebida em três redações de referência no Brasil. Revista de Comunicação e Linguagens, n. 56, 5 Jul. 2022.

BECKETT, C; YASEEN, M. Generating Change A global survey of what news organisations are doing with AI. London: LSE, 2023.

BELLMAN, R.E. An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Can computers think?. San Francisco: Boyd & Fraser Publishing Company, 1978.

CACHAT-ROSSET, G; KLARSFELD, A. Diversity, equity, and inclusion in artificial intelligence: an evaluation of guidelines. Applied Artificial Intelligence. v. 47, n. 1, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2023.2176618

CANAVILHAS, J. Produção automática de texto jornalístico com IA: contributo para uma história. Textual & Visual Media. v. 17, n. 1, p. 22-40, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56418/txt.17.1.2023.2

CARLSON, M. The Robotic Reporter: Automated journalism and the redefinition of labor, compositional forms, and journalistic authority. Digital Journalism. v. 3, n. 3 p. 416-431, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976412

CHADHA, K.; KOLISKA, M. Newsrooms and Transparency in the Digital Age. Journalism Practice. v. 9, n. 2, p. 215–229, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.924737

CHRISTOFOLETTI, R. et al. Transparência no jornalismo: o que é e como se faz?. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2022. E-book.

COOLS, H; DIAKOPOULOS, N. Towards Guidelines for Guidelines on the Use of Generative AI in Newsrooms. 10 jul. 2023. Disponível em: https://generative-ai-newsroom.com/towards-guidelines-for-guidelines-on-the-use-of-generative-ai-in-newsrooms-55b0c2c1d960. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2024.

COUTINHO, C. P. Metodologia de Investigação em Ciências Sociais e Humanas: Teoria e Prática. Coimbra: Almedina, 2011.

DIAKOPOULOS, N. Algorithmic Accountability. Digital Journalism. v. 3, n.3, p. 398–415, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976411

DIAKOPOULOS, N; KOLISKA, M. Algorithmic Transparency in the News Media. Digital Journalism. v. 5, n. 7, p. 809–828, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1208053

DÖRR, K. N. Mapping the field of algorithmic journalism. Digital Journalism. v. 4, n. 6, p. 700-722, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1096748

GRAEFE, A. Guide to automated journalism. Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia Journalism School, 2016.

HEALD, D. Varieties of transparency. In: HOOD, C.; HEALD, D. (Eds.). Transparency: the key to better governance?. London, 2006. Cap. 2, p. 24–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263839.003.0002

KARLSSON, M. Dispersing the Opacity of Transparency in Journalism on the Appeal of Different Forms of Transparency to the General Public. Journalism Studies. v. 21, n. 13, p. 1795–1814, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1790028

KOLISKA, M. Trust and Journalistic Transparency Online. Journalism Studies. v. 23, n. 12, p. 1488–1509, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2102532

KOVACH, B.; ROSENSTIEL, T. The elements of journalism: what newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001.

LATAR, N. Chapter 3 - Robot journalism. In: LATAR, N. (Autor). Robot journalism: can human journalism survive? New Jersey: World Scientific, 2018, p. 29-40.

LOKOT, T; DIAKOPOULOS, N. News Bots: Automating news and information dissemination on Twitter. Digital Journalism. v. 4, n. 6, p. 682-699, 2016. DOI: http://10.1080/21670811.2015.1081822

MARTINHO, A.P. Robôs, algoritmos e jornalistas. Revista Jornalismo&Jornalistas, n. 80, p. 14-19, jan./abr. 2023.

MCBRIDE, K; ROSENSTIEL, T. The New Ethics of Journalism: Principles for the 21st Century. Washington: CQ Press, 2014.

MEIER, K. Transparency in journalism: Credibility and trustworthiness in the digital future. In: CONFERENCE THE FUTURE OF JOURNALISM, set. 2009, University Cardiff. Disponível em: https://edoc.ku.de/id/eprint/13483/

NEWMAN, N. et al. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2022. Reino Unido: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2022.

O ESTADO DE S. PAULO. Estadão define política de uso de ferramentas de inteligência artificial por seus jornalistas; veja. São Paulo, 22 nov. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.estadao.com.br/link/estadao-define-politica-de-uso-de-ferramentas-de-inteligencia-artificial-por-seus-jornalistas-veja/. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2024.

VENTURA-POCIÑO, P. Algorithms in the newsrooms Challenges and recommendations for artificial intelligence with the ethical values of journalism. Catalan Press Council, 2021.

VOS, T.; CRAFT, S. The Discursive Construction of Journalistic Transparency. Journalism Studies. v. 18, n. 12, p. 1505–1522, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1135754

WINSTON, P.H. Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, 1992.

YOUNG, M.L; Hermida, A. From Mr. and Mrs. outlier to central tendencies. Digital Journalism. v. 3, n. 3, p. 381-397, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976409

Published

2024-05-29

How to Cite

Canavilhas, J., & Biolchi, B. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Transparency in Journalism . Media and Everyday Life, 18(2), 43-64. https://doi.org/10.22409/rmc.v18i2.62654