As esferas públicas subalternas na periferia do capitalismo

Uma análise crítica da formulação habermasiana no contexto brasileiro

Abstract

The conception of the public sphere formulated by Jürgen Habermas is of great importance for any research that proposes to think about the model of western democracy in the 20th and 21st centuries. However, this work starts from the premise that the application of initially Eurocentric theories in an uncritical way in peripheral countries not only represents an innocuous attempt, but also contributes to the perpetuation of a mistaken view of colonial historical processes and their impacts on contemporaneity. With this, it is proposed to think about the use of the Habermasian concept of public sphere in the Brazilian context, especially from the reflection on its selectivity and on the Western European ideal of modernity, using, for that, post-colonial references. Indeed, thinking about the public spheres in peripheral countries and, in a detailed way, in Brazil, means reflecting on the various forms of collective organization and political resistance that mark the country's history. The study will be guided by a bibliographical, qualitative, critical-dialectical methodology, from which the theories taken from the selected bibliography will be analyzed in a related and critical way. In this way, we seek to argue that the plurality of public spheres, especially in countries with a colonial past and present marked by social stratification, also gives rise to the recognition of the legitimacy of plural manifestations, which should not be the object of analysis solely from of the organizational paradigm of the European world.