Factors that impact on smile aesthetics an integrative literature review

Abstract

Having a harmonious smile is one of the priorities of patients in dentistry, who seek professionals in the area to improve the aesthetic requirements of both teeth and gums. With the various technological advances, the dental surgeon was able to expand his diagnostic and prognostic capacity, being able to carry out a more judicious intervention planning and with greater possibility of success. Through this integrative literature review, we propose to list in detail what are these characteristics that can disharmonize a smile and we also present how to restore the harmony of the smile through dental procedures and elements. A search was carried out in the electronic portals PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Ebsco host and Scielo, using the descriptors: “smile”, “periodontal plastic”, “aesthetics”, “black triangles” and “interdental papilla”, in addition to of its related terms in Portuguese, including publications from 2017 to 2022. It was possible to observe that through a multifactorial framework, the esthetics and harmony of the smile can be compromised by gingival, facial and dental factors. Thus, assertive planning must be carried out by a trained professional, who identifies the points that interfere positively and negatively in the balance of the smile, with the purpose of generating clinical solutions. With a multidisciplinary approach, it can be confirmed that it is possible to restore the harmony of the smile and achieve patient satisfaction, through plastic surgical and restorative procedures.

Keywords: Aesthetic smile; Smile harmony; Dental elements.