Theoretical contributions to (re)thinking eugenics

Abstract

This article presents a reading that aims to strengthen the analysis of theoretical aspects related to eugenics through the deconstruction of its conceptual components. Along these lines, it defines and explores the components that we have called constitutive of ‘Galton's science,’ and then delves into the non-constitutive, dispensable components, although present in its traditional versions. Finally, it outlines the problem of what we have called disputed components, that is, those derived from current readings of genetic interventions invigorated by the mapping of the human genome; the latter aspect raises, according to some authors, the possibility of the birth of a new eugenics. Having said this, and considering the elements provided by this framework, the text focuses on the concept of beauty required for the construction of the mythical eugenic superman; devised as a counterpart to the monstrous, as an entity revealing a real or potential danger to society. This, warning that the search for beauty, in eugenic terms, far from resting on individual, personal objectives, points to the collective, group, read in a national or racial key. Thus, the concept of beauty is integrated into the constitutive components of eugenic normality. Finally, it outlines some aspects of the canonical historiographic approach to the Galtonian discipline that denote the existence of certain common places which, taking into consideration the critical, conceptual, contextual and historical study promoted in this work, merit, at least, certain reflections.