The struggles for the future: victims and experts in the face of three commemoratives infrastructures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22409/antropolitica2025.v57.i1.a65623Keywords:
Infrastructures, Experts, Victims, Memory.Abstract
In our contemporary world, critical events often give rise to commemorative spaces that remember what happened. Here I propose an approach to the commemorative infrastructures produced as a consequence of a fire that occurred in Buenos Aires in 2004 during a rock concert in which 194 young people died. The article is based on extensive fieldwork carried out in the movement for justice made up of survivors and relatives of the deceased, as well as on the analysis of secondary sources (press materials, documents, etc.). I identify and reconstruct the disputes that took place over a long period of fifteen years around three spaces: the Sanctuary, the Plaza de la Memoria and the Memorial. I analyse the role of the victims as well as that of experts and professionals such as architects, psychologists and politicians. I address the conflictive processes in the framework of which these infrastructures were built, transformed and destroyed. While memory studies have analysed these kinds of spaces by addressing the struggles for the meaning of the past represented in them, here I argue that the disputes surrounding those infrastructures do not so much express struggles for the past but rather struggles for the future: struggles over the paths that the movement should take to achieve justice and ensure that those responsible for the fire were condemned.
Downloads
References
ANDERSON, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso Books, 1991
ADEY, Peter; HANNAM, Kevin; SHELLER, Mimi; TYFIELD, David. Pandemic (Im)mobilities. Mobilities, [s. l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 1-19, 2021. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2021.1872871. Acceso en: 23 jun. 2023).
AUGÉ, Marc. Le sens des autres: actualité de l’anthropologie. Paris: Fayard, 1994.
BAEZ ULLBERG, Susann. Watermarks: Urban Flooding and Memoryscape In Argentina. Stockholm: Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, 2013.
BARRIOS, Roberto. What Does Catastrophe Reveal for Whom? The Anthropology of Crises and Disasters at the Onset of the Anthropocene. Annual Review of Anthropology, [s. l.], v. 46, p. 151-166, 2017. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041635. Acceso e: 8 feb. 2024.
BERMÚDEZ, Natalia. Entre murales, grutas y altares. Una etnografía sobre trayectorias de familiares de víctimas ‘no inocentes’ (Córdoba, Argentina). In: PITA, María Victoria; PEREYRA, Sebastián. Movilización de víctimas y demandas de justicia en la Argentina contemporánea. Buenos Aires: Teseo Press, 2020. p. 120-145.
BOYER Dominique. Thinking trough antrhopology of experts. Anthropology in Action, [s. l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. 38-46, 2008.
CATELA DA SILVA, Ludmila. “Lo que merece ser recordado...”. Conflictos y tensiones en torno a los proyectos públicos sobre los usos del pasado en los sitios de memoria. Clepsidra. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios sobre Memoria, [s. l.], n. 2, p. 28-47, 2014. Disponible en: https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/11066. Acceso en: 17 maio 2025.
ELIAS, Norbert. La sociedad cortesana. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1982.
FASSIN, Didier. De la invención del trauma al reconocimiento de las víctimas. In: ZENOBI, Diego (comp.). Víctimas: debates sobre una condición contemporánea. Buenos Aires: Teseo, 2023. p. 43-56.
GARCÍA ACOSTA, Virginia. The Anthropology of Disasters in Latin America. State of the Art. New York: Routledge, 2019.
GLUCKMAN, Max. Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand. The Rhodes Livingstone Paper, Manchester, v. 28, 1958.
HARVEY, Penelope; JENSEN, Casper; MORITA Atsuro. Infrastructures and social complexity: A companion. London: Routledge, 2016.
HOLY, Ladislav. Theory, methodology and the research process: Ethnographic Research. In: ELLEN, Roy (ed.). Ethnographic research: a guide to general conduct. London: ASA, 1984. p. 13-34. (Research methods series).
ISACOVICH, Paula. Del Santuario a la Plaza de Mayo: un análisis de las marchas del movimiento Cromañón como rituales. In: REUNIÓN DE ANTROPOLOGÍA DEL MERCOSUR, 4., Buenos Aires, 2009. Anais […]. Buenos Aires: RAM, 2009. p. 23-38.
JELIN, Elizabeth. La Lucha por el pasado: Cómo construimos la memoria social. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2017
LARKIN, Bryan. The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology, [s. l.], v. 42, n. 1, p. 327–343, 2013. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155522. Acceso en: 2 abr. 2024.
LASTRA, María Soledad. Salud mental y derechos humanos: La territorialización de un nuevo saber sobre el terrorismo de Estado y sus efectos. Nuevo Mundo, Mundos Nuevos, [s. l.], v. 6, p. 1-14, 2023. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4000/nuevomundo.92420. Acceso en: 12 mayo 2024.
MARGRY, Peter Jan; SÁNCHEZ-CARRETERO, Cristina. Grassroots Memorials: The Politics of Memorializing Traumatic Death. New York: Berghaghan Books, 2011.
NAONO, Akiko Hiroshima’ as a contested memorial site: Analysis of the making of a new exhibit at the Hiroshima Peace Museum. Hiroshima Journal of international studies, [s. l.], v. 11, 2005.
NORA, Pierre. Between Memory and History: les lieux de mémoire. Representations, [s. l.], v. 26, p. 7-24, 1989.
OLIVER-SMITH, Anthony; HOFFMAN, Susanna. Introduction: Why Anthropologists Should Study Disasters. In: HOFFMAN, Susanna; OLIVER-SMITH, Anthony (ed.). Catastrophe & Culture. The Anthropology of Disaster. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2002. p. 3-22.
PALACIOS, Cecilia; RODRÍGUEZ, Anabella. Qué memoria(s) para Buenos Aires? Un análisis comparativo de los casos del Santuario de Cromañón y del Espacio para la memoria. Estudios demográficos y urbanos, [s. l.], v. 28, n. 2, p. 323-334, 2013. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0186-72102013000200323. Acceso en: 2 abr. 2024.
RECHTMAN, Richard. Ser víctima: genealogía de una condición clínica. In: ZENOBI, Diego (comp.). Víctimas: debates sobre una condición contemporánea. Buenos Aires: Teseo, 2023. p. 57-79.
REVET, Sandrine. Anthropologie d’une catastrophe. Les coulées de boue de 1999 au Vénézuéla. Paris: Presses Sorbenne Nouvelle, 2006.
SATHER-WAGSTAFF, Joy. Heritage That Hurts: Tourists in the Memoryscapes of September 11. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2011.
SION, Brigitte. Memorials in Berlin and Buenos Aires: Balancing Memory, Architecture, and Tourism. London: Lexington books, 2014
TSING, Ana Los hongos del fin del mundo. Sobre la posibilidad de vida en las ruinas capitalistas. Caja Negra: Capitán Swing, 2023.
VECCHIOLI, Virginia. La monumentalización de la ciudad: los sitios de memoria como espacios de intervención experta de los hacedores de ciudad. Estudios sociales contemporáneos, [s. l.], n. 10, p. 33-44, 2014. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/6459/645970618010.pdf. Acceso en: 2 abr. 2024.
VECCHIOLI, Virginia. Las Víctimas del Terrorismo de Estado y la gestión del pasado reciente en la Argentina. Papeles del CEIC, [s. l.], v. 90, p. 1-30, 2013. Disponible en: https://ojs.ehu.eus/index.php/papelesCEIC/article/view/12393. Acceso en: 19 sep. 2024.
VISACOVSKY, Sergio. Estados críticos. Estudios sobre la experiencia social de la calamidad. Buenos Aires: Antropofagia, 2010.
ZENOBI, Diego (comp.). Víctimas: debates sobre una condición contemporánea. Buenos Aires: Teseo, 2023. Disponible en: https://www.teseopress.com/victimasdebatessobreunacondicioncontemporanea/. Acceso en: 2 abr. 2024.
ZENOBI, Diego; AROSI Ana; GONÇALVES, Camila. Variações acerca do ’trauma’: tensões na atenção psicológica para vítimas de eventos críticos (Kiss e Cromañón). Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies, [s. l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. 54-92, 2024. Disponível em: https://tidsskrift.dk/bras/article/view/137272. Acceso en: 30 oct. 2024.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Zenobi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
O conteúdo da revista Antropolítica, em sua totalidade, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons de atribuição CC-BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.pt).
De acordo com a licença os seguintes direitos são concedidos:
- Compartilhar – copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato;
- Adaptar – remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial;
- O licenciante não pode revogar estes direitos desde que você respeite os termos da licença.
De acordo com os termos seguintes:
- Atribuição – Você deve informar o crédito adequado, fornecer um link para a licença e indicar se alterações foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer maneira razoável, mas de modo algo que sugira que o licenciante o apoia ou aprova seu uso;
- Sem restrições adicionais — Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita.