BRAZILIAN URBAN POLICY AND THE CRITICAL IDEA OF URBAN REFORM INTRODUCED IN THE 1988 CONSTITUTION

Abstract

The brazilian urban policy before 1964 was not national in character. It was episodic and municipal initiative. In 1962, the government João Goulart elaborated the Triennial Plan; this plan was the first in the country to set macroeconomic objectives and to serve as an instrument for a global economic policy. In 1963 and in line with the idea of an urban reform of João Goulart indicated in the Triennial Plan, a group of architects points out the need for a critical urban policy. This initiative is interrupted by the coup d’état of 1964, which proposes and implements its own urban policy. With the constituent in 1987, the National Movement for Urban Reform presents a critical and diverse reflection of the policies applied in Brazil until the 1988 Constitution. A new legal framework was proposed and approved and a new institutionalization was implanted, seeking greater justice social and citizen participation. Despite the advances, many limits have appeared in the last thirty years and the conjuncture after 2016 is hostile to a distributive urban policy. This article proposes to analyze critically the urban policy that was implanted after the Constitution of 1988, also considering the policies that took place before.