Comparative analysis of emotional reactivity induced by licit violence images in fighting sports
Keywords:
Violence, Sport, FightingAbstract
Images depicting physical and sporting activities are generally rated as positive, while images of violence are rated as negative and warning. The main objective of this study was to evaluate emotional reactivity, in the dimensions of activation and affective valence, attributed to images of licit violence in fighting sports. The specific objectives were: I - measure the level of emotional activation of the violence figures; II - evaluate the affective valence triggered by the visualization of violence figures; III - compare the averages obtained in the violence images with the standardized images in the positive, neutral and negative IAPS categories. For assessment was used the Manikin Self-Assessment, a pictorial likert scale to assess the emotional dimensions investigated. Three evaluative reports were prepared with 90 images each - 30 experimental images (fights) and 60 from the IAPS (20 each category). It was observed that the fighting figures differed from all the IAPS categories, both in the activation dimension and in the affective valence. It concludes that the patterns of valence and emotional activation attributed to images of violence may differ from what is reported in the literature, depending on the context and type of violence.
Downloads
References
ANDREASSON, Jesper; JOHANSSON, Thomas. Negotiating violence: mixed martial arts as a spectacle and sport. Sport in Society, v. 22, n. 7, p. 1183-1197, 2019.
BARREIRA, Cristiano Roque Antunes. Da violência no combate: o que dizem os lutadores de MMA. Psicologia & Sociedade, v. 31, 2019.
BRADLEY, Margaret; LANG, Peter. Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, v. 25, n. 1, p. 49–59, 1994.
BRADLEY, Margaret; LANG, Peter. Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology. In: LANE, Richard; NADEL, Lynn; AHERN, Lawrence Geoffrey; ALLEN, Jeanne; KASZNIAK, Alfred. Cognitive neuroscience of emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 49-59.
BRADLEY, Margaret M.; SAPIGAO, Rosemarie G.; LANG, Peter J. Sympathetic ANS modulation of pupil diameter in emotional scene perception: effects of hedonic content, brightness, and contrast. Psychophysiology, v. 54, n. 10, p. 1419-1435, 2017.
BYNION, Marie Teah; FELDNER, Matthew. Self-assessment manikin. In: ZEIGLER-HILL, Virgil; SHACKELFORD, Todd. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Cham, 2020. p. 4654-4656.
CONDE, Erick; FILGUEIRAS, Alberto; ANGELO, Luciana; PEREIRA, Adriana; Carvalho, Cristianne. Psicologia do esporte e exercício: modelos teóricos, pesquisa e intervenção. São Paulo: Passavento, 2019.
FERNANDES, Orlando; MARRA DA SILVA JR, Ruy; REGO RAMOS, Lucas; GAMA, Tamires; LOBO, Isabela, GUERRA LEAL SOUZA, Gabriela, ARRUDA-SANCHEZ, Thiago; The impact of a violent community on mental health and the benefits of a sport program for social development. Journal of community psychology, v.1, p.1-16, 2002.
FERNANDES, Orlando; PORTUGAL, Liana Catrina Lima; ALVES, Rita de Cássia; ARRUDA-SANCHEZ, Tiago; VOLCHAN, Eliane; PEREIRA, Mirtes Garcia; MOURÃO-MIRANDA, Janaina; OLIVEIRA, Letícia. How do you perceive threat? It’s all in your pattern of brain activity. Brain imaging and behavior, v. 14, n. 6, p. 2251-2266, 2020.
HUSSAIN, Umer. Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) 229: orientalism vs. occidentalism in the media. Journalism and Media, v.2, n. 4, p. 657-673, 2021.
IMBUSCH, Peter. The concept of violence. In: International handbook of violence research. Springer, Dordrecht, 2003, p. 13-39.
LANG, Peter; BRADLEY, Margaret; CUTHBERT, Bruce. International affective picture system (IAPS): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, 1999.
LANG, Peter , BRADLEY, Margaret; CUTHBERT, Bruce. International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Florida: The University of Florida, 2005.
LANG, Peter; GREENWALD, Mark; BRADLEY, Margaret; HAMM, Alfons. Looking at pictures: evaluative, facial, visceral, and behavioral responses. Psychophysiology, v. 30, n. 3, p. 261–273, 1993.
LASAITIS, Cristina; RIBEIRO, Rafaela Larson; BUENO, Orlando Francisco Amoedo. Brazilian norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): comparison of the affective ratings for new stimuli between Brazilian and North-American subjects. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, v. 57, n. 4, p. 270-275, 2008.
LASAITIS, Cristina; RIBEIRO, Rafaela Larson; FREIRE, Marcelo Ventura; BUENO, Orlando Francisco Amoedo. Update of the Brazilian norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, v. 30, n. 3, p. 230-235, 2008.
LIAO, Dan ; SHU, Lin ; LIANG, Guodong ; LI, Yingxuan ; ZHANG, Yue ; ZHANG, Wenzhuo ; XU, Xiangmin. Design and evaluation of an effective virtual reality system based on multimodal physiological signals and self-assessment manikin. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, v. 4, n. 3, p. 216-224, 2019.
MARTINS, Allysson. Do vale tudo ao MMA, do analógico ao digital: historiografia do jornalismo especializado em MMA. Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte, v. 14, n. 2, p. 1-15, 2021.
MCNEIL, Daniel; BRUNETTI, David. Pain and fear: A bioinformational perspective on responsivity to imagery. Behaviour research and therapy, v. 30, n. 5, p. 513-520, 1992.
MICHAELIS, Carolina; MICHAELIS, Henriette. MICHAELIS: moderno dicionário da língua portuguesa. São Paulo: Companhia Melhoramentos, 1998.
MORRIS, Jon; MCMULLEN, JAMES. Measuring multiple emotional responses to a single television commercial. In: ALLEN, Chris; JOHN, Roedder Deborah. Advances in consumer research. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 1994, p. 175-180.
REDONDO, Jaime; FRAGA, Isabel; PADRÓN, Isabel; PIÑEIRO, Ana. Affective ratings of sound stimuli. Behavior Research Methods, v. 40, n. 3, p. 784-790, 2008.
RIBEIRO, Rafael Larsen; POMPÉIA, Sabine; BUENO, Orlando Francisco Bueno. Comparison of Brazilian and American Norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, v. 27, n. 3, p. 208-215, 2005.
RIBEIRO, Rafael Larsen; SILVA, Teixeira Flávia; POMPÉIA, Sabine; BUENO, Orlando Francisco Bueno. IAPS includes photographs that elicit low-arousal physiological responses in healthy volunteers. Physiology & Behavior, v. 91, n. 5, p. 671–675, 2007.
SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA, Raúl; MALCOLM, Dominic. Decivilizing, civilizing or informalizing? The international development of Mixed Martial Arts. International review for the sociology of sport, 2010, 45.1: 39-58.
STEVENS, Francis; MURPHY, Damian; SMITH, Stephen. (2017). Soundscape categorisation and the self-assessment manikin. In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL AUDIO EFFECTS, 2017. Proceedings… Edimburgo: University of Edinburgh, 2017, p. 481-488.
THOMAS, Roger; THOMAS, Bennett. Systematic review of injuries in mixed martial arts. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, v. 46, v. 2, p. 155-167, 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Thauan Rocha Porto, Tamires Cândido de Santana, Maurício da Silva Júnior, Erick Conde
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1.Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2.Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3.Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.