FREIRE AND SAVIANI: PROXIMITIES AND DISTANCINGS BETWEEN THE PEDAGOGY OF LIBERATION AND HISTORICAL-CRITICAL PEDAGOGY

Abstract

This text presents the results of a bibliographic research that, while seeking to understand the proximities and distances between the pedagogical-political legacy of Freire and Saviani, also aimed to know the adherences they maintain with Marxism. Among the main answers obtained through the comparative analysis between these two renowned Brazilian pedagogues are those that affirm that, although neither of them solely sustained that the origins of the pedagogies they developed came from historical-dialectical materialism, both approached this paradigm in the theoretical-methodological maturation process they underwent over time. However, while Saviani soon reached a type of 'orthodox' Marxism, according to the Gramscian sense of the term, Freire's Marxism, in the mature phase of the legacy he produced, is adherent to historical materialism but explicitly not to dialectical materialism, approaching a certain theoretical eclecticism. Even so, Freire's praxis contributed significantly to the formation of critical individual and collective subjects, capable of fighting for the overcoming of capitalism.