IN (SECURITY) ONTOLOGICAL EXPERIENCED BY MARSHALLESES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0000/hoplos.v4i7.46429Keywords:
Ontological security, Nuclear tests, Climate change, Springdale, Marshall IslandAbstract
From 1946 to 1958, the United States carried out 67 nuclear tests in the Marshall Islands. The article presents the consequences of nuclear tests on islanders' health, their matrilineal organization and their local cosmovision; demonstrates that climate change can be framed as a risk for the physical survival of States, individuals, ecosystems and for the ontological security of the Marshallian population; and explains how the Marshallese are adapting to a new reality in Springdale and, at the same time, preserving their ontological security through events, religious services and clubs in schools that promote their traditions, their belief systems and their identities. It understands that investments by the United States in the creation of multicultural centers to preserve the Marshallese culture and the granting of opportunities for professional growth for this community can contribute to improve their insertion in American society and help preserve their ontological security. In relation to the Marshall Islands, it recommends that the United States contribute by raising the islands artificially, building walls and reducing the effects of climate change through more active action.
Downloads
References
LIVROS
GIDDENS, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
RUDIAK-GOULD, Peter. Climate Change and Tradition in a Small Islands State. The Rising Tide. New York: Routledge, 2013.
RUDIAK-GOULD, Peter; SCHWARTZ, Jessica A. Insularity and Interconnection: competing territorial imaginaries in the Marshall Islands. In: DAWSON, Allan; ZANOTTI, Laura; VACCARO, Ismael. Negotiating Territoriality: spatial dialogues between spaces and tradition. New York: Routledge, 2014. pp. 216-229.
ARTIGOS ACADÊMICOS
BLEIKER, Roland; HUTCHISON, Emma. Fear No More: Emotions and World Politics. Review of International Studies [online], 2008, pp. 115-135.
HUYSMANS, Jef. Security! What do you mean? From concept to thick signifier. European Journal of International Relations [online], v. 4, n. 2,1998, pp. 226-255.
KINNVALL, Catarina. Globalization and Religious Nationalism: Self, Identity, and the Search for Ontological Security. Political Psychology [online], v. 25, n.5, 2004, pp. 741-767.
KINNVALL, Catarina; MITZEN, Jennifer. Introduction to the special issue: Ontological securities in world politics. In: Cooperation and Conflict [online]. vol. 52, n. 1, 2016, pp. 1-9.
MITZEN, Jennifer. Ontological Security in World Politics: State Identity and the Security Dilemma. European Journal of International Relations [online], v.12, n.3. set, 2006, pp. 341- 370.
RUDIAK-GOULD, Peter. Promiscuous corroboration and climate change translation: A case study from the Marshall Islands. Global Environmental Change [online]. Elsevier, 2012, pp. 46-54.
TESES
MATTOS, Beatriz Rodrigues Bessa. Climate Change and Ontological (in)security in the Marshall Islands. Rio de Janeiro, 2019. 200f. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2019.
DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA) Radiological Conditions
at Bikini Atoll: prospects for resettlement. Áustria: IAEA, 1998. Disponível em: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1054_web.pdf. Acesso em 13 nov. 2019.
MAJURO DECLARATION FOR CLIMATE LEADERSHIP. 5.09.2013. Disponível em: http://www.daghammarskjold.se/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/44th-PIFS-Majuro-Outcome.pdf. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
THE MARSHALLESE PEOPLE. Petition from the Marshallese People Concerning the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 1954. Disponível em: https://www.osti.gov/opennet/servlets/purl/16364835.pdf. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
UNITED NATIONS. Republic of the Marshall Islands: Views regarding the Possible Security Implications of Climate Change. UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/63/281, Nova York, 2009. Disponível em: https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_pdfs/ga-64/cc-inputs/Marshall_Islands_CCIS.pdf. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
ARTIGOS DE JORNAIS E DA WEB
ATOMIC HERITAGE FOUDATION. Marshall Islands. 2019. Disponível em:https://www.atomicheritage.org/location/marshall-islands. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
BASTIAN, Emma. Nuclear weapons and climate change: A double whammy for the Marshall Islands. 14.07.2017. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Disponível em:<https://thebulletin.org/2017/07/nuclear-weapons-and-climate-change-a-double-whammy-for-the-marshall-islands/. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
CRAFT, Dan. Marshallese Migration: Islanders began arriving during 1970s. 29.12.2010. Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette. Disponível em: https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2010/dec/29/marshallese-migration/. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
JOHNSTON, Barbara Rose; TAKALA, Brooke. Environmental Disaster and Resilience: the marshall islands experience continues to unfold. 2016 Disponível em: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/environmental-disaster-and-resilience-marshall-islands-0. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
MILMAN, Oliver; RYAN, Mae. Lives in the balance: climate change and the Marshall Islands. 15.11.2016 The Guardian. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/15/marshall-islands-climate-change-springdale-arkansas. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
SPRINGDALE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Senate Approves Marshallese Resolution, 2019. Disponível em: https://springdale.com/2019/05/28/senate-approves-marshallese-resolution/. Acesso em 06 dez. 2019
THALLS, Ellen. Springdale Students Create Tribute to Marshall Islands. 31.01. 2016. 5 News. Disponível em: https://5newsonline.com/2016/01/31/springdale-students-create-tribute-to-marshall-islands/. Acesso em 06 dez. 2019
TILLEY, Caitlin. Graphics of Marshall Islands sea level rise ‘brought EU ministers to tears’. 22.07.2018 Climate Home News. Disponível em: https://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/06/22/graphics-marshall-islands-sea-level-rise-brought-eu-ministers-tears/. Acesso em 06 dez. 2019
WENDORF, Marcia. What Became of the Residents of Bikini Atoll? 26.03.2019. Interesting Engineering. Disponível em: https://interestingengineering.com/what-became-of-the-residents-of-bikini-atoll. Acesso em 01 out. 2019.
WOODARD, Colin. You Can´t Go Home Again. Nine Minutes. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. v.54, n.5. Set/Out, 1998.
DOCUMENTÁRIOS E FILMES
A NEW ISLAND: THE MARSHALLESE IN ARKANSAS. Produção: Dale Carpenter. Springdale: AETN, 2006. 1 DVD (56 min. 48 seg.).
THE SOUND OF CRICKETS AT NIGHT. Direção de Jack Niedenthal and Suzanne Chutaro. Marshall Islands: Microwave Films, 2012. 1 DVD (84 min.).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Victoria Viana Souza Guimarães
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. PROPOSTA DE POLÍTICA PARA PERIÓDICOS DE ACESSO LIVRE
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
a. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 4.0 que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
b. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).