Impactos da cafeína no sistema nervoso central

inimiga ou aliada?

Autores

  • Bruna Teixeira Silva Universidade Federal Fluminense
  • Ana Gabriela Silva Santos Universidade Federal Fluminense
  • Giovanna Várzea Roberti Monteiro Mattos Universidade Federal Fluminense
  • Paula Campello Costa Lopes Universidade Federal Fluminense

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22409/nes.v1i2.64378

Palavras-chave:

desenvolvimento, neuroplasticidade, cafeína

Resumo

A cafeína é a substância psicoativa mais consumida no mundo e seu consumo está associado às suas propriedades estimulantes, mas seus efeitos variam dependendo da dose e da fase do desenvolvimento. Nessa revisão, iremos abordar os efeitos da ingestão indireta de cafeína nos períodos de gestação e lactação, e os efeitos diretos após consumo na infância, adolescência ou no adulto. O consumo de cafeína no período gestacional pode levar a maior risco de aborto, retardo no crescimento intrauterino, menor peso do recém-nascido, dentre outros efeitos. A ingestão de cafeína durante a lactação, na infância ou na adolescência levam a efeitos a curto e longo prazo, podendo se estender até a fase adulta. Nestes casos, observa-se alterações comportamentais relacionadas a efeitos ansiogênicos com desregulação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e prejuízos cognitivos. Alterações em proteínas sinápticas e na neurotransmissão GABAérgica também são descritas. Por outro lado, o consumo de cafeína é maior na fase adulta. Trabalhos realizados com modelos animais e com humanos têm demonstrado efeitos positivos do consumo nesta fase, especialmente levando a melhoras cognitivas, aumento de sítios sinápticos tanto em condições normais quanto em doenças neurodegenerativas como o Alzheimer. Em conjunto, estes dados apontam para a importância de alertar a população sobre os possíveis efeitos negativos do consumo de cafeína em etapas precoces do desenvolvimento, mas também trazem a possibilidade de utilizá-la como coadjuvante terapêutico para produzir melhoras cognitivas no adulto, no idoso e em pacientes com déficits cognitivos.

Biografia do Autor

Bruna Teixeira Silva, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Possui graduação em Biomedicina com habilitação em Pesquisa Científica com ênfase em Fisiologia e Farmacologia pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (2016), mestrado (2017) e doutorado (2022) em Neurociências pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências (PPGN) da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Realizou sua pesquisa no Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade da UFF estudando os efeitos da ingestão de cafeína no desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central e comportamento animal. Possui experiências nas áreas de plasticidade, desenvolvimento, sistema visual, hipocampo e comportamento.Além disso, participou do Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino, Divulgação e Extensão em Neurociências da UFF (NuPEDEN), como subcoordenadora de comunicação social e tecnologia, promovendo atividades de extensão universitária e divulgação científica. Também é idealizadora e organizadora do I Curso de Atualização em Neuroplasticidade da UFF.

Ana Gabriela Silva Santos, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Graduada no curso de Ciências Biológicas (Licenciatura) da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Atualmente, está como aluna de mestrado no programa do programa de pós graduação em Neurociências, na Universidade Federal Fluminense. Sendo vinculada ao Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade, pertencente ao departamento de neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como bolsista de Capes. Possui experiência na área de Biofísica, com ênfase em Biofísica de Processos e Sistemas, e em divulgação científica, sendo participante de projetos relacionados a divulgação em redes sociais sobre a conscientização em relação as doenças do Sistema Nervoso.

Giovanna Várzea Roberti Monteiro Mattos, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Bacharel em Genética pelo curso de Ciências Biológicas na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (2023). Participou do projeto Bio Na Praia, que teve como objetivo disseminar o conhecimento científico apreendido na faculdade para o público em geral. Realizou Iniciação Científica no laboratório de Neuroplasticidade da Universidade Federal Fluminense, avaliando os mecanismos celulares e moleculares subjacentes ao consumo de cafeína na plasticidade do sistema nervoso central e no comportamento de ratos. Atualmente, é aluna de Doutorado do Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense, no qual avalia os efeitos comportamentais e moleculares do enriquecimento ambiental em animais modelo para ansiedade. 

Paula Campello Costa Lopes, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (1994), Mestrado em Ciências Biológicas (Biofísica) pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (1997) e Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas (Biofísica) pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (2001), Bolsista de produtividade do CNPq nível 2 desde 2010, Foi Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado no período de 2010_2013 e Coordenadora do Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense de 2018_2022. Atualmente é Professora Titular, Cientista do Nosso Estado (FAPERJ - desde 2019), Membro da Rede Nacional de Ciência para a Educação (Rede CpE) e chefia o Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade vinculado ao Programa de pós-graduação em Neurociências da UFF, onde é orientadora permanente. Tem experiência na área de Biofísica, com ênfase em Neurobiologia, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: desenvolvimento, neuroplasticidade, via visual, sistema purinérgico e citocinas. Mais recentemente vem trabalhando com modelos animais de Retinose Pigmentar e Ansiedade. É mãe de 2 meninos e esteve de licença maternidade em 2003 e 2008.

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2024-09-11

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SILVA, B. T. .; SANTOS, A. G. S. .; MATTOS, G. V. R. M. .; LOPES, P. C. C. . Impactos da cafeína no sistema nervoso central: inimiga ou aliada?. Neurociências & Sociedade, v. 1, n. 2, p. e224003, 11 set. 2024.

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