O mais inquietante de todos os hóspedes: como o diagnóstico nietzschiano do niilismo nos ajuda a combater a força reativa do fascismo

Abstract

The relationship between nihilism and fascism has been explored, directly and indirectly, by historians, politologists and philosophers, among others, in academic literature. Rarely however has this association given more focus to nihilism, especially to how this notion is understood by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, one of the names most associated with the theme. In this sense, this article proposes a reading of Nietzsche's contribution to confronting fascism, based on the ways in which the German thinker interpreted nihilism, be it negative nihilism, reactive nihilism or passive nihilism. In order to do so, he will use mainly the fragment known as Lenzerheide, seen as a privileged text to understand the theme, and the type of systematisation of the Nietzschean intellectual production made by the French thinker Gilles Deleuze, who, besides creating the categories of nihilism employed here, also, together with the psychoanalyst Félix Guattari, his fellow countryman, stated that "[t]here is in fascism a realized nihilism" – a phrase that is used as a paradigm of this present text.