Legal proceedings and political power: Inquisitorial practices in the trial and sentencing of Joan of Arc
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202113202Keywords:
Law and politics, procedural formalism, inquisitorial procedure, Joan of ArcAbstract
Records on the trial and sentencing for heresy of French warrior Joan of Arc dating to 1431 have been studied by a variety of fields. The present work explores the primary sources and several of these studies in the aim of analyzing the political significance of the forms adopted during the trial. From a perspective poised between the history of law and procedural law, the article clarifies aspects of the practical functioning of the Roman Canon inquisitorial procedure at the end of the Middle Ages, and, more widely, the phenomenon of the capillarization of the political power by means of the production of truth. The article concludes that, although Joan of Arc’s trial was clearly politically motivated, several of its dimensions correspond to the procedural practices of the time, leading us to an understanding that the influence of power over trials does not necessarily manifest in a direct violation of procedural rules, but rather in their very design and the ways in which they are put into operation.
Downloads
References
AMES, Christine Caldwell. The Spiritual Foundations of Christian Heresy Inquisitions. In: PRUDLO, Donald (Ed.). A Companion to Heresy Inquisitions. Leiden: Brill, 2019. p. 17-40.
ARAÚJO, Danielle Regina Wobeto de. Feitiçaria na vila de Curitiba: direito e misoginia (xviii). Revista Direito e Práxis, v. 10, n. 1, p. 222-249, jan./mar. 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2018/31930
ARAÚJO, Danielle Regina Wobeto de; VALLE, Gabrielle Stricker do. Processo dos delitos e das heresias: um guia de leitura das Ordenações Filipinas (1603) e do Regimento Inquisitorial (1640). Porto Alegre: Fi, 2019.
CRANE, Susan. Clothing and Gender Definition: Joan of Arc. The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, v. 26, n. 2, p. 297-320, set./dez. 1996. Disponível em: http://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf. Acesso em: 22 ago. 2020.
DAMAŠKA, Mirjan. The Faces of Justice and State Autorithy: a Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
DAMAŠKA, Mirjan. The Quest for Due Process in the Age of Inquisition. The American Journal of Comparative Law, v. 60, n. 4, p. 919-954, out. 2012. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41721692. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2020.
EICHBAUER, Melodie. Medieval Inquisitorial Procedure: Procedural Rights and the Question of Due Process in the 13th Century. History Compass, v. 12, n. 1, p. 72-83, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12130
FIORI, Antonia. Quasi denunciante fama: note sull’introduzione del processo tra rito accusatorio e inquisitorio. In: SCHMOECKEL, Mathias; CONDORELLI, Orazio; ROUMY, Franck (Org.). Der Einfluss der Kanonistik auf die Europäische Rechtskultur: Band 3: Straf – und Strafprozessrecht. Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2012. p. 351-368.
FONSECA, Ricardo Marcelo. La historia en el derecho y la verdad en el proceso: el argumento de Michel Foucault. In: ______. Introducción teórica a la historia del derecho. Madrid: Dykinson, 2012. p. 113-134.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e punir: nascimento da prisão. Tradução de Raquel Ramalhete. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1999.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Microfísica do poder. Tradução e organização de Roberto Cabral de Melo Machado. 23. ed. São Paulo: Graal, 2007.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A verdade e as formas jurídicas. Tradução de Roberto Cabral de Melo Machado e Eduardo Jardim Morais. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Nau/PUC, 2011.
FRAHER, Richard. The Theoretical Justification for the New Criminal Law of the High Middle Ages: “Rei Publicae Interest, Ne Crimina Remaneant Impunita”. University of Illinois Law Review, v. 36. n. 3, p. 577-596, jul./set. 1984. Disponível em: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/1854. Acesso em: 24 ago. 2020.
FRAHER, Richard. Conviction According to Conscience: The Medieval Jurists’ Debate Concerning Judicial Discretion and the Law of Proof. Law and History Review, v. 7, n. 1, p. 23-88, 1989a. https://doi.org/10.2307/743777
FRAHER, Richard. Preventing crime in the High Middle Ages. In: SWEENEY, James; CHODOROW, Stanley (Ed.). Popes, teachers and canon law in the Middle Ages. Nova York: Cornell University Press, 1989b. p. 212-233.
FRAHER, Richard. IV Lateran's Revolution in Criminal Procedure: The Birth of «Inquisitio», the End of Ordeals, and Innocent III's Vision of Ecclesiastical Politics. In: LARA, Rosalio José Castillo (Org.). Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler. Roma: LAS, 1992. p. 97-111.
GROSSI, Paolo. Aequitas Canonica. Quaderni Fiorentini per la Storia del Pensiero Giuridico Moderno, n. 27, p. 379-396, 1998. Disponível em: http://www.centropgm.unifi.it/cache/quaderni/27/0380.pdf. Acesso em: 3 set. 2020.
GROSSI, Paolo. Mitologias Jurídicas da Modernidade. Tradução de Arno Dal Ri Júnior. Florianópolis: Boiteux, 2004.
GROSSI, Paolo. Primeira Lição sobre o Direito. Tradução de Ricardo Marcelo Fonseca. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2006.
HESPANHA, António Manuel. Cultura Jurídica Europeia: síntese de um milênio. São Paulo: Almedina, 2012.
HILL, Derek. Inquisition in the Fourteenth Century: the manuals of Bernard Gui and Nicholas Eymerich. New York: York Medieval Press, 2019.
HOBBINS, Daniel. The Trial of Joan of Arc. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.
INIESTA, Javier Belda; CORETTI, Michela. The sources of the procedural roman-canonical law before Clemens V. Glossae: European Journal of Legal History, v. 16, p. 50-76, 2019. Disponível em: http://www.glossae.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Belda-Coretti-Roman-canonical-procedure-before-Clemens-V.pdf. Acesso em: 2 set. 2020.
INQUISITION Records of Jacques Fournier. Tradução de Nancy Stork, [ca. 2006]. Disponível em: https://www.sjsu.edu/people/nancy.stork/jacquesfournier/. Acesso em: 23 abr. 2020.
KELLY, Henry Ansgar. Inquisition and the Prosecution of Heresy: Misconceptions and Abuses. Church History, v. 58, n. 4, p. 439-451, dez. 1989. https://doi.org/10.2307/3168207
KELLY, Henry Ansgar. The Right to Remain in Silent: Before and After Joan of Arc. Speculum, Chicago, v. 68, n. 4, p. 991-1026, out. 1993. Disponível em: http://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/Joan_of_Arc/OLR/cr_Kelly_theright.pdf. Acesso em: 12 maio 2020.
KELLY, Henry Ansgar. Inquisition, Public Fame and Confession: General Rules and English Practice. In: FLANNERY, Mary; WALTER, Katie. (Org.). The Culture of Inquisition in Medieval England. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2013. p. 8-29.
KELLY, Henry Ansgar. Questions of Due Process and Conviction in the Trial of Joan of Arc. In: BOLLERMANN, Karen; IZBICKI, Thomas; NERDERMAN, Cary (Ed.). Religion, Power, and Resistance from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Centuries. Nova York: Macmillian, 2014. p. 81-102.
LOPES, José Reinaldo de Lima. O Direito na História: lições introdutórias. 3. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2011a.
LOPES, José Reinaldo de Lima. Uma introdução à história política e social do processo. In: WOLKMER, Antônio Carlos (Org.). Fundamentos de História do Direito. 5. ed. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2011b. p. 351-379.
MIGLIORINO, Francesco. Iniuria e Infamia. Indagine sulla dottrina giuridica medievale. In: BECKER, Cristoph (Org.). Persönlichkeitsrecht und Persönlichkeit des Rechts Gedächtnisschrift für Heinz Hübner (1914-2006). Berlim: LIT-Verlag, 2016. p. 145-177.
MORAIS, Ricardo Manoel de Oliveira. Direito e Verdade em Michel Foucault. Revista Direito e Práxis, v. 5, n. 1, p. 284-314, 2014. https://doi.org/10.12957/dep.2014.9979
NASPOLINI, Samyra. Aspectos históricos, políticos e legais da inquisição. In: WOLKMER, Antônio Carlos. (Org.). Fundamentos de História do Direito. 5. ed. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2006. p. 187-199.
PENNINGTON, Kenneth. Torture and Fear: Enemies of Justice. Rivista Internazionale di Diritto Commune, v. 19, p. 203-242, 2008.
PENNINGTON, Kenneth. The Jurisprudence of Procedure. In: HARTMANN, Wilfried; PENNINGTON, Kenneth. (Org.). The History of Courts and Procedure in Medieval Canon Law. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2016. p. 125-159.
PETERS, Edward. Inquisition. Nova York: Free Press, 1988.
PETERS, Edward. História da tortura. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores, 1996.
PRODI, Paolo. Uma História da Justiça: do pluralismo dos foros ao dualismo moderno entre consciência e direito. Tradução de Karina Jannini. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2005.
RUST, Leandro Duarte. Bulas inquisitoriais: Ad Extirpanda (1252). Revista Diálogos Mediterrânicos, n. 7, p. 200-228, dez. 2014. Disponível em: http://www.dialogosmediterranicos.com.br/index.php/RevistaDM/article/view/124/145. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2020.
THÉRY, Julien. Fama: l’opinion publique comme preuve judiciaire – Aperçu sur la révolution médiévale de l’inquisitoire (XII – XIV siècle). In: LEMESLE, Bruno. La preuve en justice: de l’Antiquité à nos jours. Rennes: PUR, 2003. p. 119-147.
ULLMANN, Walter. Reflections on Medieval Torture. In: ULLMANN, Walter; GARNETT, George (Org.). Law and Jurisdiction in the Middle Ages. Farnhan: Ashgate, 2009. p. 123-137.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Passages: International Review of Political History and Legal Culture
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A compromise transferring the copyright is requested, with the author’s signature, as the example below:
I / Us, ..................... , author(s) of the article/review: ................................, which
I/we have submitted to the appreciation of ‘Passagens: International Review of Political History and Legal Culture”, am/are aware of the publishing rules and
agree that the copyright related to it is transferred to the Publishing. I (we) take full responsibility for the content of this article; and is will contribute to the Editors to undertake the changes suggested by the evaluators and the review of bibliographic quotations.
__________________, ____/_____
Signature: ________________________________
